All About Classes of Animals

Wednesday reading about classes of animals

Class ‘Aves’

New words

•  Maintain - keep
•  Possess - have 
•  Grasp - grab 
• Wading - walking through water 
• Rapidly - quickly, fast
• Talons - claws on toes

Main characteristics of Aves 

• Warm blooded vertebrates that have wings and feathers
• Different kinds of birds eat different foods - they eat seeds,
• nectar from flowers, insects, worms, and sometimes
• small animals. 
• Birds have beaks. 
• Birds are bipedal. 
• There are 4 types of birds - perching birds, flightless
• birds, birds of prey and water birds. 

Class ‘Amphibians’

New words

•  Respiration - breathing 
•  Aids - helps
•  Terrestrial - land 
• Offspring - babies, children 
• Larvae - the early stage of life (look like a maggot kind of)
• Metamorphosis - the process of growing 
• Hind legs - back legs
• Aquatic - live in water 

Main characteristics of amphibians  

•  Live both on land and water.
• Lay eggs in water. 
• Cold-blooded 
• Breathe through their skin - their skin must stay moist.
• Have webbed feet.

Class ‘Fish’

New words

•  Torpedo-shaped - shaped like a rocket
•  External - outside

Main characteristics of fish

•    Cold-blooded
• Have fins and gills
• Fish don’t get pregnant, they put their eggs
• (babies) into the water.

Class ‘reptiles’

New words

•  Locomotion - movement
•  Broad - wide
•  Narrow - skinny 
• Fangs - teeth
• Venom - poisonous liquid 
• 
  

Main characteristics of reptiles

• Dry-scaly like skin 
• Limbs make them go fast
• Lay eggs 
• Have earholes, not ears
• Cold-blooded 

Class ‘mammals’

New words

• Sweat glands - part of your body that makes you sweat
• Partially - part 
• Derived - comes from 
• Insulator - keep warm 
• Approximately - about, roughly 

Main characteristics of mammals 

• Warm blooded
• Have live babies and mothers feed babies milk
• Large brains 
• Partially covered in hair - to keep them warm 
• Have sweat glands - to keep them cool 
• Have skin 
• Have external ears (pinnae)

Fun facts!

• Snakes don’t have noses
• Turtles mostly live in water, and tortoises mostly live on land 

Mnemonic

New words from reading

 Tuesday 23rd July 2019

Big idea: within each kingdom there are more different groups that
classify animals. 

• Prokaryotes - a name of a kingdom 
• Etc means etcetera
• Interbreed - when two different animals have babies together

Mnemonics help us remember hard things, for example
NEVER EAT SOGGY WEETBIX helps us remember
North East South West. 

This is the mnemonic i learnt to help me remember the order:

Keep ponds clean or fish get sick

Kingdom

Phylum

Class

Order 

Family

Genus

Species    

Animals Kingdom

New words from animal kingdom reading

Monday’s reading

• Organism - a living thing
• Vertebrate - has a spine
• Invertebrate - has no spine 
• Taxonomy - a way to group things
• Diverse - a big range 
• Amphibians - 
• Heterotrophic - means they must find and eat food
• Primates (apes, monkeys)
• Rodents (rats, squirrels)
• Cetaceans (dolphins, whales)
• Marsupials (kangaroos, koalas)
• Monotremes (egg laying mammals like the platypus)
• Autotrophic - make their own food by photosynthesis
• Photosynthesis - how plants make their own food
• Vascular - uses roots to absorb water
• Nonvascular - uses the whole plant to absorb water
• Decompose, decomposition - to break down
• Non-flowering - no flowers 
• Thermophiles - (root word is thermo which is about temperature) 

Big ideas from the reading 

• All living things are called organisms. 
• They are organised into 6 groups called kingdoms.
• Each group has certain characteristics that each organism must have. 
• Animals
• Can move on their own
• Are heterotrophic (can’t make their own food)
• Must eat to survive
• Vertebrates and invertebrates 
• Plants 

• They are Autotrophic (they make their own food)
• Some are vascular and nonvascular. 
• If a plant has seeds or fruit, it is a flowering plant.

• Eubacteria

• Are made up of just one cell. They are everywhere.
• Some bacteria are good and some are bad.
• Bacteria called decomposers break down dead plants and anacteria.

Archaebacteria

• Can survive where no other organism can live.
• Thermophiles, methanogens and halophiles

Fungi 

• Say it fun guy
• Mushrooms are a fungi
• They are heterotrophic (can’a make their own food)
• Use enzymes to break down food

Protista 

• Are related to either plants, animals or fungi (one of them, not related to all
• of them at the same time)

Dinosaurs

Dinosaurs

By Moana and Langiola

Palaeontologists

Paleontologists are people that studies on dinosaurs.

Mary Anning was born in 1799 and found a plesiosaur

fossil that was almost complete and in 1828 she found

a pterosaur fossil she found it in Lyme Regis and found

some in England, in 1829 Mary discovers the fossil of an

extinct fish called a squaloraja and in 1847 Mary Anning

died because she had cancer. Joan Wiffen was born in 4

of Feb 1922 and she found the first dinosaur in New

Zealand then she found a small bone in Mangahouanga

Stream, a few days later Dr Ralph confirmed in 1980

that  she had found a tailbone from a theropod then

Joan made many more amazing discoveries over the

following years. Richard Owen was born in 20 of July

1804 and he is married to Caroline Amelia and they

had 1 son named William Owen, Richard Owen discovered

a Fossil Animal and he died in 18 December 1892.

Fossils

Fossils are dead animals or plants. They are usually skeletons

found embedded in rock. Sometimes fossils are footprints or poo.

Small animals or insects get stuck in tree sap which hardens and

traps them forever. Large animals can get trapped in ice or their

carcass gets trapped in layers of rocks. Over thousands of years

pressure builds up and the ground. Next the mould left is filled
with minerals that form rock. This rock shape is the fossil - an exact

replica of the dinosaurs. This process takes 10,000 years.

Palaeontologists find fossils when the top layer of dirt of

all rock washes all away. 

Age Of Dinosaurs

The Mesozoic Era is also known as the Age of Dinosaurs,

this is when dinosaurs lived. The Age of Dinosaurs is made up of 3

time periods. Triassic Period (251-200 million years ago),

Jurassic Period (200-146 million years ago), Cretaceous

Period (146-65 million years ago). 200 mya: Small mammals

appear. 150 mya: Birds evolve from dinosaurs. 140 mya:

First flowering plants appear, 130 mya: First snakes evolve

from lizards and 65 mya: Dinosaurs die out.

What were dinosaurs like?

Some dinosaurs stand on 2 feet and some stand on 4 feet.

These are the 4 types of dinosaurs Theropod, Sauropod,

Thyreophorid, and Cerapod. Some dinosaurs are a carnivore

eater and some are a herbivore eater but some dinosaurs

are an omnivore eater. Some dinosaurs are birds means

Avian but some dinosaurs are not birds means Non Avian.

Dinosaurs can run fast but some can’t run. Some dinosaurs

had slow metabolisms which means they could only walk slowly

as they didn’t have a lot of energy. Some had a fast metabolism

so they had a lot of energy to run fast. Metabolism means the

way your body converts food to energy. Dinosaurs have a hole

at the back of their eye but reptiles don’t have a hole at the

back of their eye and reptiles are warm-blooded.

Warm-blooded means when

your blood temperature always stays the same. Some

Dinosaurs live with a family like the theropods and dinosaurs lay eggs.

Extinction Event

66 million years ago, there was an extinction event which killed
all the dinosaurs. 

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Age of Mammals

Cenozoic Era is also known as the Age of Mammals. It is made of
3 time periods. Paleogene Period (65-23 Mya), Neogene period (23-2.6 Mya)
and Quaternary Period (2.6-0 Mya). During the paleogene period, large
mammals appear, including horses and camels. During the Neogene period,
Hominins (the ancestors of humans) begin to walk on two legs. During the
Quaternary Period Modern humans evolved.

Dinosaur knowledge

Room 7

Dinosaur knowledge

Prior Knowledge	In 2 weeks, we learnt that...
Animal Predator Dino is the root word ‘Saurs’ means something Species  Extinct  Huge Large bones Long necks Eggs  Sharp teeth Long tails Eat people Different kinds Spikes Horns Mammals 4 legs	Bipedal means 2 feet and quadruped means 4 feet. Some dinosaurs are bipedal and some are quadrupeds. Some can change between the two stances. They are sturdy. Theropod is a 3 clawed dinosaurs Dinosaurs are warm-blooded, which means their blood temperature is always the same Carnivore means a meat eater Herbivore means a plant eater Omnivore means it can eat plants and meat Some dinosaurs are huge and some are small. Typically, huge dinosaurs were sluggish (slow).  Dinosaurs died out 66 million years ago. They started existed 230 million years.  They died because of an extinction event, most people think this was because a meteor hit the Earth.  Dinosaurs legs go out the bottom of their hip bones, whereas reptiles bones go to the side of their hips. Reptiles do not have an extra hole in their skull, but dinosaurs do.  Mary Anning found lots of fossils on a cliffside in England in the 19th century. She was born in 1799 and died in 1847. She survived a lightning strike as a baby. In 1824 she found the first fossil.	Non-avian dinosaurs are dinosaurs that are not birds. Avian means birds. Metabolism means how fast or slow your body converts food into energy Diverse means a big range Modifications means changes. Dinosaurs have modifications such as spikes, armour, horns or crests.  Clade means family. Lineage means ancestors/descendants  Paleontologists are scientists that study ancient things including dinosaurs There are 4 main groups of dinosaurs; theropods, sauropods, ankylosaurus and pterosaurs. Titanoboa was top of the food chain after the dinosaurs died. It killed people by constricting people. It spent most of its time in the water because it was super heavy. It was 13m long, as big as a bus.  Hominins existed when 7-6 million years ago, the first humans to walk on 2 feet.  People did not exist when dinosaurs existed.	Adaptation is something that changes over time.  Ecology - how animals relate to each other Fossils are made when dinosaurs die and their bones get trapped in rock or mud. The bones break down over time but leave a mould, which is filled with rock. This becomes the fossil.  Dinosaurs sometimes eat each other.  There were 3 periods of time that have dinosaurs. This is called the ‘age of dinosaurs’ also known as the ‘Mesozoic Era’; Triassic period, Jurassic period, and Cretasous period.  Then there were 3 more periods in time, “Age of mammals”, also known as ‘Cenozoic Era’; Paleogene Period, Neogene period and  Quaternary period. Dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent, including Antarctica. Joan Wiffen found the first dinosaur fossil (a theropods tailbone) in NZ in 1975, in Hawkes Bay. She died in 2009.  Dinosaurs laid eggs and they lived in family groups.